Where scholars write history

A significant tradition of Jewish scholars develops in Speyer, Worms and Mainz and forms the basis for Ashkenazic Judaism. The rabbis of the ShUM communities enjoy the highest religious and legal authority in Ashkenaz. They teach students from all over Europe, including the future famous Talmud commentator Rashi. In 1220, the joint ordinances and legislations drawn up by the rabbis are passed as the Taqqanot Qehillot ShUM, setting an example and laying the foundation for Jewish community life in Ashkenaz. The ShUM communities continue to be key locations for Central European, Ashkenazic Judaism until the mid-13th century. In fact, some of the prayers and liturgies written in these locations are still used today.