Photo of the Council of Eleven (Elferrat) of the Bingen Carnival Association (1929) and modern jester’s cap

Many members of the Jewish communities in Rhineland-Palatinate were also involved in music, sports and other clubs, where they were well-established members. Many Jews were actively involved in the Bingen Carnival Association as donors, successful Büttenredner (comical carnival speakers), authors and board members. In 1929, for example, members of the Council of Eleven (Elferrat) included Emil Feist (fifth from left), Dr Hans Marx (fourth from right) and Emil Seligmann (third from right).